Identifying Strategies to Improve African American College...

Minorities are a growing segment of the population. However, this group continues to be underrepresented in the area of post secondary education. Obtaining an advanced degree remains a likely predictor of future career success. The problem facing the minority student is that barriers persist which continue to hinder enrollment, retention, and graduation rates in institutions of higher education. These barriers must be identified and examined and solutions offered if college completion rates are to be increased for this population. While overall college enrollment and graduation rates have risen for all minority groups, there continues to be concerns for this segment of the population, particularly for African American students. Even†¦show more content†¦The U.S. Department of Education’s Digest of Education Statistics (2010) compiles data on educational trends and statistics in the United States. According to the digest, in 2009 African Americans earned about 10 perc ent of all bachelor degrees awarded. Furthermore, about 20 percent of African Americans currently hold a college degree. When compared to the same rates for the white non-hispanic population, African Americans are largely lagging behind. The challenges that African Americans are facing must be met by post secondary institutions if this group is going to continue on the path of economic and career prosperity. This need is discussed in the report Minorities in Higher Education: Although greater access to higher education for students of color is an absolute imperative, it is only part of the equation. Ensuring their academic success and readiness to thrive in an interconnected world remains the ultimate goal. In a global economy, providing greater access to post secondary education to individuals from all racial and ethnic backgrounds remains one of the most important challenges facing our nation. Demographic changes have increased the proportions of people of color in the U nited States, and our academic population (Ryu, 2009, p. i). The relationship between ethnicity and retention in post secondary education has been widely discussed in the literature. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Among The Avid Program2060 Words   |  9 Pagesthe causes for the attrition of males in the AVID program by examining the traits between those males who remain in the program with those who don’t. In this descriptive study, we will survey the 60 original male students that entered the AVID program in SY 2011-2012 and compare the student responses from those who remained in the program to those that did not remain to examine characteristics that one group may exhibit that the other may not. The qualitative aspect of the survey will provide insightRead MoreFactors That Influence The Matriculation Into Graduate School Stem Programs2757 Words   |  12 Pagesconfirms that Hispanics, African- American/Blacks , Hispanics/Latinos , American Indians and Alaska Natives are und errepresented in STEM PhD programs relative to their proportion in the U.S. college-age population (2010). Together these three groups earned only 12% of the doctoral degrees awarded in 2012 (National Science Foundation, 2012). 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I certify that all the material inRead MoreDissertation on Employee Retention Techniques18845 Words   |  76 PagesEMPLOYEE RETENSION AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT A CASE STUDY OF ICELAND UNITED KINGDOM, ENGLAND, LONDON (STORES: LAYTONSTONE amp; GANTS HILL). By MBA STUDENT ADNAN USMAN STUDENT NUMBER: 109811 A DISSERTATION PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) UNIVERSITY OF SUNDERLAND SEPTEMBER 2011 ------------------------------------------------- Declaration The work I have submitted is my own effort. I certify that allRead MoreResearch Paper Marketing Plan12383 Words   |  50 PagesMarketing Strategy and Tactics 42 Marketing Controls 44 Formal Marketing Controls 44 Informal Marketing Controls 48 Appendix 50 Executive Summary With the aid of a federal grant, Xavier University’s School of Nursing has created a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) Distance Learning program with the goal of giving Registered Nurses (RNs) in rural areas of Ohio an opportunity to advance their education. Utilizing remote viewing technology, these students pursueRead MoreStrategy and Society9783 Words   |  40 PagesStrategy Society The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility The Idea in Brief Many firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts are counterproductive, for two reasons: They pit business against society, when the two are actually interdependent. 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A Summary On The Monopoly - 988 Words

Angelyca Taguba Mr. Denny World History 22 November 2015 Monopoly Economics Essay Everyone believes Monopoly is a simply a child’s game, but in fact, an adult has a hard time coping with the obstacles in the game. Financing properties is hard, however Monopoly consists of more players that are all trying to bring you down. I struggled more than fellow players at keeping myself upright. I had to mortgage and sell properties, paid enormous amounts of rent, and stood at the low hundreds for a while. In the end, Monopoly had a unique way of saying that managing fees are straining and isn’t easy. Opportunity cost plays a huge role in Monopoly. Opportunity cost, the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen, is the basis of property trading and and buying. During the game, you could wait for a better place to land or buy the property you are on at that moment. However, opportunity cost does not reveal itself until you gain or pay money. It’s a huge risk. You could lose the whole game if yo u kept turning down helpful opportunities. This is why opportunity cost is important. Mortgage, money lent to a person in exchange for a lien against a piece of property, can save a player from becoming bankrupt. A lien is the right to keep possession of a property owned by another until the rent is payed. I had an experience with this during the game. I had lost hundred of dollars to rent and did not have enough money to pay another. So to keep myself upShow MoreRelatedDifference Between A Monopoly And A Perfectly Competitive Firm1273 Words   |  6 Pagescapitalistic society, without any type of regulation at all, you will get one monopoly that will eat all of the smaller fish and own everything, and then you ll have zero capitalism, zero competition - it would just be one giant company† (Tankian, S. n.d.). The preceding quotation from Serj Tankian lays the groundwork for this case assignment. An assignment that will analyze the differences of the demand curve facing both a monopoly and a perfectly competitive firm. Also, exploration will be performedRead MoreEconomics and Patent Protection in the US: Case Study Notes891 Words   |  4 Pageslocations and the product mix are all points of differentiation. The industry is not in a state of perfect competition, because the products and the branding are forms of differentiation. There are too many firms for this to be either an oligopoly or monopoly form (Riley, 2012) 2. The government does not offer much direct support to the industry, but the industry does benefit from a number of government efforts. Our customers often reach us on roads that are either wholly or partially paid through generalRead More Government Regulation of the Microsoft Corporation Essay example1611 Words   |  7 Pagesalso affect the future decisions against any other companies, possibly committing the same violations as Microsoft. 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The first is,Read MoreThe Effects of Deregulation on Global Economy1646 Words   |  7 Pagesgrow and how low they can make their prices. For example back in the 1800s Andrew Carnegie created a monopoly that was not regulated. By lowering his prices he caused others unable to compete with him. By doing this Andrew Carnegie drove others out of the steel-producing business. When one person not only has control over a specific area but is the only supplier of this item, this is called a monopoly. These days the government regulates actions s uch as the ones mentioned above. What can happen if theRead MoreTerm Paper925 Words   |  4 PagesMarket Structure University of Phoenix Introduction When a product is produced, the company that produces that particular product falls into one of four categories: pure competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. Depending on how many companies are producing a product determines what market structure the company is labeled. 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They become a cartel to avoid losing their business to the new entrants. In a nutshell, the duopoly acts as a monopoly in the soft drinks market. Perfect Competition market structure is theoretical or ideal. In this market, there are an unlimited number of buyers and sellers. The firms in a perfect competition market produce goods and services that are uniformRead MoreEvaluating Market Structures1574 Words   |  7 PagesMonopolistic competition also provides consumers with the greatest benefit of all: diversity in the world of coffee. Evaluating Market Structures This report begins by describing the various types of goods within a market structure and comparing a natural monopoly with perfectly competitive markets. The report then explains labor market equilibrium and how labor supply and demand affects market equilibrium. 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Plasmodium Free Essays

Life Cycle of Plasmodium vivax (Malarial Parasite) Systematie Position Kingdom      :      Protista Phylum          :      Protozoa Class               :      Sporozoa Genus             :      Plasmodium Species          :      vivax Habit s and habitat:- Plasmodium is an intracellular sporozoan parasite causing malaria in man. The parasite lives in the RBC’s and liver cells of man and alimentary canal and salivary glands of female Anopheles mosquito. Structure:- Structure of plasmodium is different stages of its life cycle. We will write a custom essay sample on Plasmodium or any similar topic only for you Order Now A fully grown malarial parasite is amoeboid and uninucleated structure known as trophozoite. Trophozoite is surrounded by double layered plasma lemma. Cytoplasm contains Palade’s granules, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, mitochondria, vesicles and vacuoles having haemozoin. Cytoplasm contains nucleus having nucleolus and granular nucleoplasm. Life Cycle of  Plasmodium  vivax Hosts:- Plasmodium completes its lifecycle in two hosts (digenetic): Man and female Anopheles mosquito. 1. Primary or definitive host: Female Anopheles mosquito is the primary host of Plasmodium in which it completes its sexual life cycle. 2. Secondary or Intermediate host: Man is the secondary host of plasmodium in which it completes its asexual life cycle. The lifecycle of Plasmodium can be divided into three phases: 1. Asexual sehizogony 2. Sexual gamogony 3. Asexual sporogony ASEXUAL CYCLE OF Plasmodium, IN MAN Infective form of Plasmodium is known as sporozoites. Sporozoites are 11-12 µ long slender, uni-nucleated. Sickle-shaped structure present in the salivary glands of infected mosquito. When an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites a healthy man, a large number of sporozoites enter into the blood stream of man. Within half an hour, sporozoites enter the liver cells and undergo asexual multiplication called schizogony. 1. Asexual Schizogony:- Schizogony is the asexual phase of reproduction of Plasmodium. It takes place in liver cells and RBC’s of man. Schizogony can be divided into following phases: a) Pre-erythrocytic schizogony b) Exo-erythrocytic schizogony c) Erythrocytic schizogony d) Post- erythrocytic schizogony a. Pre-erythrocytic schizogony: In the liver cells, sporozoites grow to form a large and spherical schizont. Schizont divides by multiple fission and forms a large number of cryptozoites. They may either pass into the blood circulation to start erythrocytic schizogony or enter fresh liver cells to start Exo-erythrocytic schizogony. Pre-erythrocytic schizogony takes 8 days to complete. b. Exo-erythrocytic schizogony: After re-entering fresh liver cell each cryptozoites divides to form a large number of metacryptozoites similar to pre-erythrocytic schizogony. Meta-cryptozoites are two types: Smaller micro-metacryptozoites and larger macro-metacryptozoites. The micro-metacryptozoites enter the RBC’s to start erythrocytic schizogony, while the macro-metacryptozoites invade fresh liver cells to continue exo-erythrocytic schizogony. It takes normally 4 days to complete. c. Erythrocytic schizogony:- As stated above, the erythrocytic schizogony begins when the RBC’s of blood are attacked either by pre-erythrocytic cryptozoites or by exo-erythrocytic micro-metacryptozoites. It takes normally in 8 to 12 days after above 2 phases. Stages of erythrocytic schizogony are: i. Trophozoite Stage:- The merozoites (cryptozoites and micro- metacryptozoites) after entering into the blood stream, feed on erythrocytes, become rounded and modify into trophozoite. ii. Signet Ring Stage:- As the merozoites grow a vacuole appears in the center and the nucleus is pushed to one side. It gives a ring like appearance and known as signet ring stage. The parasite ingests haemoglobin and decomposes it into protein and haematin. Protein is use as food whereas unused haematin forms toxic. Yellowish brown malarial pigment, haemozoin. iii. Amoeboid Stage: – As the signet ring parasite grows, vacuole disappears and the parasite becomes amoeboid in appearance, thrusting out pseudopodial processes. This stage is called amoeboid stage. At this stage RBC develops numerous granules, the Schuffner’s granules. iv. Schizont Stage:- Parasite grows in size, becomes rounded and almost completely fills the RBC called Schizont. . Rosette Stage:- The nucleus of schizont divides by multiple fission to form 6 to 24 daughter nuclei. These nuclei arrange at the periphery, while the toxic haemozoin granules accumulate at the center of RBC. It appears as a flower rose, so called rosette stage. Nuclei of rosette stage are surrounded by a little cytoplasm and are develop into mero zoites. With the rupture of the RBC, these merozoites are liberated into the blood plasma along with toxic haemozoin. These normally attack fresh RBC’s to repeat the erythrocytic cycle or may change into gametocytes. One complete erythrocytic cycle takes 48 hours in Plasmodium vivax. d. Post-erythrocytic schizogony:- Sometimes, some merozoites produced in erythrocytic schizogony reach the liver cells and undergo schizogony development in liver cells. This is called post-erythrocytic schizogony. SEXUAL CYCLE OF Plasmodium in MAN 2. Sexual Gamogony:- Formulation of gametocytes: After many generations in about 4-5 is the blood some merozoites increase in size to form two types of gametocytes; larger macro (9-10 µ), less numerous and contain large nucleus. Macro gametocytes are larger (10-12 µ), more numerous and contain smaller nucleus. SEXUAL CYCLE OF Plasmodium IN MOSQUITO When a female Anopheles sucks the blood of a malaria patient, the gametocytes reach the stomach of mosquito and formation of gametes take palace as follows: a. Gametogenesis (gemetogony) : Process of formulation of gametes (male and female gametes). i. Formulation of male gametes: The nucleus of microgametocyte divides to form 6-8 daughter nuclei. The cytoplasm gives out same number of flagella like projections and daughter nuclei enter in each projection. These projections separate from the cytoplasm and form 6-8 haploid microgamete or male gametes. This process of formation of microgamete is called exflagellation. ii. Formation of female gamete:- The mega gametocyte undergoes some reorganization to form a single haploid mega gamete or female gamete which is ready for fertilization. b. Fertilization: The male gamete enters the female gamete through the fertilization cone formed at female gamete and form diploid zygote or synkaryon. Fusion is anisogamous. c. Ookinete stage: The zygote remains inactive for sometimes and then elongates into a worm like Ookinete or vermicule, which is motile. The Ookinete penetrates the stomach wall and comes to lie below its outer epithelial layer. d. Oocyst stage: The Ookinete gets enclosed in a cyst. The encysted zygote is called Oocyst. The Oocyst absorbs nourishment and grows in size. 3. Asexual Sporogony The nucleus of Oocyst divides repeatedly to form a large number of haploid daughter nuclei. At the same time, the cytoplasm develops vacuoles and gives numerous cytoplasmic masses. The daughter nuclei pass into each cytoplasmic mass and develop into slender sickle-shaped sporozoites are formed in each Oocyst. This phase of asexual multiplication is known as sporogony. Lastly, the Oocyet brusts and sporozoites are liberated into the haemolymph of the mosquito. They spread throughout the haemolymph and eventually reach the salivary glands and enter the duct of the hypopharyx. The mosquito is now becomes infective and sporozoites get inoculated or injected the human blood when the mosquito bites. The cycle is repeated. In mosquito whole sexual cycle is completed in 10-12 days. Incubation period: The period between infection and the appearance of first symptoms is called incubation period. It is about 10-14 days in Plasmodium vivax. Pre-patent period: The duration between the initial sporozoites infection and the first appearance of parasites in the blood is called as pre-patent period. It takes about 8 days in Plasmodium vivax. Symptoms of malaria †¢ Mouth becomes dry, nausea and loss of appetite †¢ Headache, muscular pain and joint pain †¢ Chill, fever (106 ° F) and sweating all every 48 hours. †¢ Chill to sweating lasts for 8-10 hours. Liver and spleen become enlarged. †¢ Due to loss of RBC’s anaemia is caused. Control of malaria Malaria can be controlled by three ways 1. Destruction of vector 2. Prevention of infection(prophylaxis) 3. Treatment of patient 4. Public awareness 1. Destruction of vector (Anopheles mosquito) †¢ Mosquito can be killed by spraying DDT, BHC, Dieldrin, Malathion etc. †¢ Filling up ditc hes, gutters and pits where the mosquito breeds. †¢ Water surface can be poisoned by spreading kerosene oil, petroleum etc. †¢ A speedly flow of water prevents the mosquito larva and pupa flourishing. Biological control: Certain fishes (trouts, minnows, stickle back), ducks, dragon flies etc feed on larva and pupa of mosquito. 2. Prevention of infection (Prophylaxis) †¢ Use of mosquito nets. †¢ Screening doors, windows and ventilators. †¢ Using mosquito repellent creams (e. g. odomus), anti mosquito mat (e. g. Supermat) etc. 3. Treatment of patient: There are several drugs that kill different stages of parasite in patient. The oldest drug is Quinine; Paludrine kills almost all stages of parasite. Daraprism (single dose of 25 mg) is the most effective drug. Write short note on Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian type of malaria. Fever reccurs every second or third day, that is, after 36 to 48 hours. Death rate is very high because the infected red blood corpuscles tend to clump into masses, thus blocking up small blood vessels of internal organs, such as brain, spleen, lungs, etc. It is also known as the tropical epidemic malaria of man. Exo-erythrocytic schizogony is absent in P. falciparum. Read more:  http://www. hsebguides. com/2012/04/plasmodium-vivax-malarial-parasite. html#ixzz2G57xlaK6 How to cite Plasmodium, Papers

British American Tobacco Company Success Factors in BAT

Question: Discuss about the British American Tobacco Companyfor Success Factors in BAT. Answer: Introduction One of the success factors that has led BAT to be successful in the tobacco industry they have cloud based human capital management solution. To achieve this they have selected SAP Company to standardize on the human resource services for the 57000 global employees. BAT has become the market leader is that they have invested in making people successful so that the business will become successful. Management of high performing workforce requires the HR solutions. This company has offered training and hire on the best individuals in the BAT. This has made the high level of services that are provided by the company example through customer services, and research. Another factor of success is presence of IT strategies that focuses on the single portfolio of connected applications and this runs through standardized technology to drive on the competitive advantages across the business. Another factor for the success is that the company has aligned on a strategy that is based on growth, productivity, and responsibility. On the achievement on the growth, the company has increased on the volume and share of the global tobacco market. To achieve productivity the company over the years have provided effective and efficient deployment of the global resources in order to increase on the profits and generate funds for the reinvestment to the business. To achieve responsibility the company has balanced on the commercial objectives with the expectation of a vision of having broad range of stakeholders thus achieve sustainable business. The company offers the right working environment. They have achieved this through conducting global opinion survey every 2 years in order to know the opinion of the employees and make changes where necessary to enhance their productivity. Sustainability agendas. On the issue for the sustainability, it entails for both business and going green. The company focus on the aim for harm of reduction, market place, corporate culture, supply chain and the impact on the environment and individuals. Productivity driving profit. The company over the years has focused on productivity saving in which the resources can be reinvested back in the business and drive on the profit growth.

The sunny side of Joyce Carol Oates Essay Example For Students

The sunny side of Joyce Carol Oates Essay Joyce Carol Oates has always been drawn to the underside of the American imagination. Serial killers, rapists and youth gangs stalk the pages of her novels, and scenes of domestic violence, economic deprivation, loneliness and rage are commonplace. The emotional climate is intense; the language often unflinching; the vision corrosive, even apocalyptic. Now the writer once called the Dark Lady of American Letters has stepped into sunlight. The Perfectionist, which premiered at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton, N.J. last October, was Joyce Carol Oatess first romantic comedy, and it came complete with a cast of good-hearted characters, a cheerful suburban setting and all the happy contrivances that go with the genre. The whole enterprise was rather unlikely and disconcerting, as if Jane Austen or Madame de Stael had suddenly turned herself into Jean Kerrand no less surprising is how Oates mastered the rudiments of Broadway light comedy without ever having seen one. There are, to be sure, a few discordant rumblings along the way as well as some of the disruptive impulses that underline the rest of the novelists workintimations of illness, death and drug dependency, an accusation of rape and at one point the threat of castrationbut the genial comic spirit she has called into spirit manages to hold the dark clouds at bay. We will write a custom essay on The sunny side of Joyce Carol Oates specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now So just what were the circumstances that brought this most uncharacteristic worka kind of screwball comedy for the intelligentsia, the suburban and tenuredinto being? Oates provides a multi-tiered explanation, beginning with proximity to the McCarter (she is currently the Roger S. Berlind Distinguished Professor in the Humanities at Princeton University) and her close friendship with Emily Mann, the theatres artistic director. It was always understood that I would try to write something that might be suitable for the McCarter. Emily has always been very receptive to my work and I think because of her presence here I was encouraged to write a kind of play I would not have otherwise attempted. I also love to learn new things, and for me The Perfectionist is an experiment in genre. Finally, Oates offers what may be the best reason of all for such a play: Life isnt all discord and anguish. There really are romances in the world, she ventures. People fall in love. Every day. While her literary reputation rests securely on her prose fiction, Oates is becoming a conspicuous presence in American theatre. She is particularly active during the current seasonwhich also finds her on terrain more familiar than the sunny realm of The Perfectionist. Black, a scalding drama of racial confrontation, will open March 7 in New York at Womens Project and Productions. Oatess 1972 play Ontological Proof of My Existence, about a kidnapper who struggles to possess a young girl while offering her for sale to the highest bidder, was revived by Chicagos Thunder Road Ensemble in November. I Stand Before You Naked, a collage-play first presented at New Yorks American Place Theatre in 1990, is entering its second year at the Theatre Marie Stuart in Paris. Oates also recently completed a libretto for an opera based on her 1991 novella Black Water, a fictive retelling of the Chappaquiddick incident, which is to receive its world premiere in 1995 at the American Music Theater Festival of Philadelphia, as well as a screenplay for Martin Scorsese. She is currently at work on another full-length drama titled Bad Girls. The present season promises numerous performances of her one-act plays (I love short plays because they get immediately to the drama, she remarks), which have proved extremely popular with college and small theatre groups because of their small casts and minimal production requirements. But ironically, of all her recent projects, it is the one set closest to home that seems to have elicited the greatest creative stretch. Oates admits she would have really preferred to fashion. The Perfectionist as more of a brittle Restoration-type comedy. More sentimental and romantic comedy is not my own taste. I did graduate studies in English, so I read Restoration drama, and I admire Congreve and Wycherly immensely. But those comedies are so hard. The Perfectionist is set in a place like Princeton, it has people in it who I know, and I didnt have the hardness of heart to do that. .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .postImageUrl , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:hover , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:visited , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:active { border:0!important; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:active , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Evaluation of Live Theatre: Nation EssayPart of the plays charm is that those on either side of the curtain are part of the same community, and the knowing laughter of Princeton audiences, who were quick to identify the comedys familiar types and catch its thinly veiled references, fairly set the theatre spinning. It is not too much of an exaggeration to say that one walked out of the McCarter, which sits on the edge of the universitys neatly clipped greensward, into the very world one had left behind. Oates says she has been interested in drama as long as she can remember, though the circumstances of her formative years allowed her no direct contact with the stage. I grew up in a rural community in upstate. New York and we were so far from any kind of theatre. Drama wasnt taught but I remember reading Eugene ONeil and Tennessee Williams when I was in high school. I began going to the theatre when I went to college in the late 1950s. I saw wonderful plays on BroadwayRashomon and Tea and Sympathy and Archibald MacLeishs J.B., which was quite an experience because it was a verse drama and a tragedy. Oatess initiation into the theatre came in 1965 (It all began so long agoits almost like another lifetime) when the director Frank Corsaro, sensing something dramatic in her published short stories, commissioned her first play, The Sweet Enemy, for the Actors Studio Workshop. Other theatre pieces followed from time to time during the next two decades, most of them produced Off Broadway. In 1990 she received a commission from Jon Jory and Actors Theatre of Louisville, and for the first time became an active participant in the theatrical process. I never had much experience being in the theatre and working at rehearsals. Louisville got me started at that. Since then Ive been writing plays virtually all the time. During the past three years her work has been seen at New Yorks American Place Theatre, Ensemble Studio Theatre and the Contemporary American Play Festival, Massachusetts Williamstown Theatre Festival, and Connecticuts Long Wharf Theatre. Oates speaks of writing plays and writing novels as two entirely separate disciplines. Its the difference between swimming and jogging. Both are exercises and can be very rewarding, but they use completely different muscles. The challenge of the theatre is to make the characters vivid enough to be alive on stage and carry the weight of the action. The prose narrative voice doesnt require this; youre telling a story. A play is also about forward momentum, and Oates likens its workings to that of an automobile. It has to move. You can have a very beautiful Rolls Royce but if something is wrong with its engine and it just sits in the driveway, youd be better off with another car that moves. Of course, content matters too, but Ive learned that in the theatre pacing and velocity are very important. If people are falling asleep, you fail. She typically begins a play by imagining an empty stage or room in which something will happen. It takes a long while. I sit and fantasize. The characters are sort of there and they start moving around and talking. Its not like prose narrative. I cant tell the storythey have to tell their own stories. Usually I do the page over and over in my typewriter, reading it faster and faster to imagine visually how it will play on stage and so I hear the voices. Im always listening. In writing for the theatre, Oates must not only relinquish the controlling authorial voice of fictionwhat she calls the prose writers sheltering cocoon of languagebut also her carefully shaped texts into the hands of others to alter and interpret. One might think that an author known to weigh each word and every piece of punctuationand who acknowledges that she is in large part the perfectionist of her recent plays titlewould yield up her creations with a certain reluctance, but this is not the case; she gives herself over to the collaborators freely and without hesitation. In fact, surrendering a play to anothers imagination is part of what arouses her excitement about the theatre, for without voices other than ones own, she believes, a playwright cannot truly experience his or her work. (The joy of theatre, she recently told an interviewer, is coming to a director or to actors with a work you thought was more or less finished, then having them read it and realizing how much more wo rk you have to do.) When well-meaning people ask if it isnt troubling to have her characters taken over by other people her reply has always been, But isnt that the point of writing for the theatre? .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .postImageUrl , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:hover , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:visited , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:active { border:0!important; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:active , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Garrick Theatre EssayOates also prides herself on being a good collaborator. Emily who has come up against a few protective playwrights in her time, recalls that whenever she requested cuts or alterationsin one instance the elimination of an entire sceneOates would invariably reply, Just do it. (I am the most agreeable of playwrights, Oates once declared. To be any more agreeable, I would have to be posthumous.) Collaboration does, however, exact a toll. While Oates enjoys returning to the production to monitor the fluctuating response of the audience and the subtle changes from night to night as the company settles into the play, she admits to experiencing a sense of distance from the self-contained world she has set in motion. I dont feel Im the creator of those people up there. Theyre getting all the laughs and having the fun. Theyre getting all the laughs and having the fun. Im just a spectator. Its like Im standing at a great distance and the little raft is drifting away. Athough she has been writing plays for nearly 30 years, Oates still speaks of herself as a beginning playwright and a novice in the theatre, and her regard for its practitioners seems positively wide-eyed. She got a big laugh at a post-performance discussion a few days after the opening of The Perfectionist when she told the audience that shes still somewhat amazed that actors can memorize their lines and they come out sounding spontaneous. Her fascination with the live performer is clearly part of what keeps drawing her back to the theatre. Im really in awe of actors, in awe of their creativity, energy and courage. Its also a hard life for them. Im a professor; I have a contract and a place, but an actor, even a good actorwhere will he or she be in a year? While Oates is interested in all the details of the theatre, especially the art of the director, she senses her limits: Im not like David Mamet or Sam Shepard, who have actually staged their own plays. I wouldnt be able to direct a play of mine and I wouldnt want to. To me that would be like trying to do my own brain surgery. The more one is around the theatre the more ideas one gets for the stage, Oates recently told an interviewer, and her activities bear this out. She continues to produce one or two novels a year (she has published 23 to date, in addition to countless volumes of short stories, poetry and essaysthe late John Gardner once referred to her as that alarming phenomenon), but her newfound passion for playwriting has cut deeply into other activities: I dont do a lot of short stories or book reviews anymore. Ive already stopped writing poetry. Now I tend to do mainly plays. Oates also likes to keep abreast of whats going on in contemporary theatre; she maintains friendships with people in the profession, reads plays of all kinds and attends theatre regularly, though less in New York than in London, where several times a year she and her husband have a splurge of threatregoingtwo plays a day if we can. Drama, Oates writes in her most recent collection of plays, remains our highest communal celebration of the mystery of being, and of our being together, in relationships we struggle to define, and which define us. It makes the point, ceaselessly, that our lives are now, there is no history that is not now. For the present, one of our preeminent novelists will continue to enter that now, testing her protean talents and giving herself over to the reimaginings of others in that perilous if often exhilarating corner of the literary endeavor where the sheerly imaginary meets the inconstestably real.

Functional Skills for Special Education Students

Functional Skills for Special Education Students Functional skills are those skills a student needs to live independently. An important goal of special education is for our students to gain as much independence and autonomy as possible, whether their disability is emotional, intellectual, physical, or a combination of two or more (multiple) disabilities. Skills are defined as functional as long as the outcome supports the students independence. For some students, those skills may be learning to feed themselves. For other students, it may be learning to use a bus and read a bus schedule. We can separate the functional skills as: Life SkillsFunctional Academic SkillsCommunity-Based Learning SkillsSocial Skills Life Skills The most basic of functional skills are those skills that we usually acquire in the first few years of life: walking, self-feeding, self-toileting, and making simple requests. Students with developmental disabilities, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders, and significant cognitive or multiple disabilities often need to have these skills taught through modeling, breaking them down, and the use of Applied Behavior Analysis. The teaching of life skills also requires that the teacher/practitioner complete appropriate task analyses in order to teach the specific skills. Functional Academic Skills Living independently requires some skills which are considered academic, even if they do not lead to higher education or the completion of a diploma. Those skills include: Math Skills  - The functional math skills include telling time, counting and using money, balancing a checkbook, measurement, and understanding volume. For higher functioning students, math skills will expand to include vocationally oriented skills, such as making change or following a schedule.Language Arts -  Reading begins as recognizing symbols, progressing to reading signs (stop, push), and moves on to reading directions. For many students with disabilities, they may need to have reading texts supported with audio recordings or adults reading. By learning to read a bus schedule, a sign in a bathroom, or directions, a student with disabilities gains independence. Community-Based Learning Skills The skills a student needs to succeed independently in the community often have to be taught in the community. These skills include using public transportation, shopping, making choices in restaurants, and crossing streets at crosswalks. Too often parents, with the desire to protect their disabled children, over-function for their children and unknowingly stand in the way of allowing their children to acquire the skills they need. Social Skills Social skills are usually modeled, but for many students with disabilities, they need to be carefully and consistently taught. In order to function in the community, students need to understand how to interact appropriately with different members of the community, not only family, peers, and teachers.

Psycho-social Oppression in George Orwell's 1984 Essay

Psycho-social Oppression in George Orwell's 1984 - Essay Example 1984 has perhaps more resonances with an epic vampire tale than with one of merely political and social oppression; it evokes a scenario where the last man standing - Winston, the humble protagonist of this novel - gets converted in the end, and darkness triumphs. With his 'fall' goes out the last little light and hope for a great part of mankind. Now there is simply no escaping the ominous fact that the omniscient "BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU." (Orwell 2). At the beginning of the tale, the protagonist, Winston Smith, is a man with some human spirit left in him. However, by the ending, his will and individual identity get totally crushed through unrelenting torture and brainwashing, and Winston becomes a regular zombie among other fellow zombies. Love is one of the most powerful emotions we human beings can experience. Love is delight, love is a basic expression of freedom, but it is a very fragile thing also. By annihilating all tendencies of love for Julia inside Winston, through subjecting him to intense pain and torture, O'Brien and the Thought Police get rid of all vestiges of humanity in him. Because humanity means rebellion, humanity means free will. To use the language of T.S. Eliot, Winston too is eventually rendered a hollow man, and stuffed man.

Art Originality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art Originality - Essay Example I view the program as a catalyst to better myself and to enjoy the boundless regions of art itself. I really find the lessons motivating. Here, we are constantly encouraged to draw anything that we wanted. The course made me relish the freedom of the art world. There are times when we are asked to draw something at home to be presented before the class the next day. I believe that the intention is to gain inspiration and creativity in an ambience beyond the class' art studio atmosphere. There would always be time allotted to talk about recent news and various issues such as the nuclear test in North Korea to Nicole Ritchie's eating disorder. I guess such discussions are substantial in improving our skills because it nurtures self-expression and consciousness. One time we had to bring four pictures which we perceive to be of good art, of bad art, of a beautiful looking person, and of an ugly looking person. I chose Frida Kahlo's works as good art because her works exude a great sense of style in contrast with the bad art of Damien Hirst who is identified with his eccentric exploitation of animals in his works. I also brought the photographs of Nicole Kidman and Michael Jackson and explained that the former is a picture of beauty and the latter is a display of ugliness and distortion caused by excessive plastic surgery. After those discussions we would talk about our own works.

The use of practical resources for supporting learning within Essay

The use of practical resources for supporting learning within Mathematics - Essay Example It could help those students that have special needs, like those who have difficulties with the other resources (such as having a hard time in seeing the board due to eyesight problems). It could also help in the development of understanding number and mental calculation for as long as the correct type of resource has been used (Resources to Support Teaching and Learning Mathematics, n.d.). To support develop and learning, the use of primary resources is very important. Recent studies show that the provision of resources helped kinaesthetic learners in making sure that they learn best through movement and manipulation (Education Review Office New Zealand, 2007). Thus, so much attention has been given to such studies who aim to look into the purposes of resources in supporting learning in various subjects such as mathematics. Aside from aiding the learning of students who learn best through manipulation and movement, resources also have different purpose. Firstly, resources provide a visual image. A visual image allows mathematical concepts to be seen and understood clearly by students. As this paper focuses on primary school students, this is vital in explaining to them the different concepts in mathematics together with the different mathematical operations. Secondly, resources could help in supporting a calculation. Using practical sources in supporting calculation c ould help learners follow the process of calculating something (Tanner and Jones, 2000). At the same time, it will guide them through every stage that you have been through, making it easier for him or her to perform the same calculation. This is also necessary in teaching primary school students as they are just beginning to learn the different processes in performing the different mathematical operations. The teacher could make use of number lines in showing how calculations could be broken down in different steps, and that each ‘jump’

The Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

The Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases have always existed and have had a major impact on human development. It is widely believed that our immune systems and genetic makeup have evolved over many years under the selective pressure of potentially fatal diseases, such as malaria (Haldane 1948; Weatherall 1996). In addition, epidemics of infectious diseases have decimated entire communities, and have sometimes changed the course of history. Examples In Europe in the 14th Century, there were about 25 million deaths from bubonic plague out of a population of approximately 100 million. In 1520 the Aztecs lost about half of their population of 3.5 million from smallpox, introduced by the more immune invading Spaniards. This has been proposed as an important feature in the defeat of the Aztecs by the Spanish invaders. In 1919, after the First World War, the global epidemics of influenza killed an estimated 20 million people during one year more than died as a result of the war. During the 20th century, important advances in the prevention and control of many infectious diseases were achieved with the development of vaccines and antibiotic drugs. This has sometimes created the impression that infectious diseases are no longer a major threat to public health. However, this is far from being the case. The following is a quote from Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, the Director-General of the World Health Organization: Illness and death from infectious diseases can be, in most cases, avoided at an affordable cost. It is in everyones interest that these obstacles to development be removed. Because of drug resistance, increased travel and the emergence of new diseases, we may only have a limited time in which to make rapid progress. In the following, you will see some of the reasons why infectious diseases are still an important challenge to public health at the beginning of the 21st century. Mortality Infectious diseases are a leading cause of global mortality, causing more than 13 million deaths a year. They are still the main cause of death among children under 5 and the main single cause of premature death in persons under the age of 45. Morbidity Infectious diseases are also a major cause of global morbidity. They are responsible for a huge amount of disability and suffering in the world as measured in DALYs. DALY Disability Adjusted Life Years, a measure of disease burden. It includes years of life lost due to premature death, and years of healthy life lost due disability or illness. Recurring episodes of illness and long-term disability have a major economic impact on the developing countries most affected by infectious diseases. Role in chronic disease Infectious diseases are increasingly being implicated in the pathogenesis of many important diseases that were previously thought to have a non-infectious origin. Cervical cancer is now known to be associated with human papillomavirus infection. Cervical cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the most common cancer in women in many developing countries. In the past two decades, evidence has grown on the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer and gastric-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Chronic infection with hepatitis B or C can cause primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is among the most common cancers in many parts of Africa and Asia. Potential for epidemic spread A specific feature of infectious diseases is their ability to be transmitted between individuals. This can result in the occurrence of large outbreaks. Between 1997-2000 there were more than 600 outbreaks of disease considered by the WHO to be of international importance. Outbreak The term used to describe a localised epidemic, e.g. in a village, town or city. The term large outbreak is increasingly being used instead of epidemic, as it is less emotive. With increasing urbanisation and international travel, the world is becoming a smaller place, and the routes for transmission of infection are increasing. Aeroplane journeys enable individuals to travel within the incubation period of most infectious diseases. This allows infections to spread to distant places within very short periods of time. An example of this is the annual global dispersal of meningococcal meningitis by pilgrims returning from the Haj Muslim religious festival (Saudi Arabia). Newly emerging diseases Over the past three decades, over 30 new infectious diseases and pathogens have been identified for the first time in humans. These include diseases with a very high case-fatality rate, such as new variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (nvCJD) and Ebola haemorrhagic fever. Some of these new infections are highly prevalent, for example Hepatitis C and rotavirus. Other infections, such as HIV, have rapidly spread around the world. New variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (nvCJD) A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was described in the United Kingdom in 1996. The agent is considered to be the same as that causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy, a disease that emerged in the 1980s and affected thousands of cattle in the United Kingdom and other, mainly European countries. Ebola The first outbreaks of Ebola haemorrhagic fever occurred in 1976 and the discovery of the virus was reported in 1977. Cases reported to WHO up to June 1997 indicated a case-fatality rate of over 70%. A major outbreak in Uganda in 2000 was thought to be associated with spread of the virus by soldiers moving across the country. Hepatitis C This virus was identified in 1989, and is now known to be the most common cause of post-transfusion hepatitis worldwide. So far, up to 3% of the world population are estimated to be infected, among whom 170 million are chronic carriers at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. Rotavirus First recognised in 1973, rotavirus is the most common cause of childhood diarrhoea worldwide. 20% of all diarrhoeal deaths and 5% of all deaths in under-5 year olds are due to rotavirus. HIV Although the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was recognised in 1981, the causal virus, HIV, was first isolated in 1983. It is estimated that, since the start of the epidemic, 30.6 million people worldwide have become HIV-infected and nearly 12 million have died from AIDS or AIDS-related diseases. Re-emerging diseases In addition to the emergence of new infectious diseases, many old diseases that had previously been under control are starting to appear in increased numbers or in previously unaffected populations. Resurgence of infectious diseases can occur because of any of the following reasons: changes in social or environmental conditions, failure to maintain immunisation programmes, increased drug resistance Drug resistance is currently an increasing problem for a number of diseases worldwide, and we are often in a race to develop new treatments faster than the pathogens can develop resistance. Example Since the mid-1980s there has been a major resurgence of diphtheria in several countries of Eastern Europe, which had previously been progressing towards elimination of the disease. In 1993, 15,211 diphtheria cases were reported in Russia and 2,987 cases in Ukraine. The main reason for the return of diphtheria in these countries was a decreased immunisation coverage due to an irregular supply of vaccines and large-scale population movements (Galazka et al 1995). Example Mortality and morbidity rates from tuberculosis (TB) in industrialised countries declined during most of the 20th century. However, from the mid-1980s onwards, many of these countries have seen an important increase in the incidence of TB. This is mainly due to a decline in TB control programmes, the increased incidence of multi-drug resistance TB and the effect of the HIV epidemic (Grange 1998). Potential for prevention and control The mechanisms involved in many infectious diseases are well understood, from the molecular aspects of the infectious agent to the demographic characteristics of host populations. This level of understanding has enabled potentially very effective prevention and control measures to be developed for some infectious diseases. With efficient intervention strategies and the advent of national public health agencies, elimination of specific infectious diseases has become feasible. In some cases, there has even been the possibility (or reality) of global eradication. Following the successful WHO programme for the global eradication of smallpox through vaccination, the last naturally acquired case of this disease occurred in October 1977 in Somalia. The countries of the Western Hemisphere have set a target for the elimination of measles by the end of the year 2005. Polio and guineaworm are now also on the verge of eradication, after intensive, globally co-ordinated programmes. Strategies to immunise millions of children on the same day have resulted in few countries now reporting cases due to wild poliovirus. Infectious disease epidemiology In epidemiology, we are interested in describing and explaining the distribution of diseases in populations. The distribution of an infectious disease depends on the transmission of the infectious agent within the host population. This is a dynamic process, which is influenced by characteristics of the specific infectious agent, characteristics of the host population and characteristics of the relationship between the infectious agent and the host.

Graduation Speech: The Important Things in Life -- Graduation Speech,

Well, I am supposed to give a speech, so sit back and enjoy the ride, hopefully it will not be too bumpy. I am sure all of us are really excited by now. You're probably thinking, "Yeah, we are finally out of here. We've survived all four years. It's time to party and move on in life." Yet, we are losing a great deal. We'll lose a lot of great teachers, we are giving up this small caring community, and in return we are moving to larger schools -- where we will be known by number rather than name. And we are splitting up. We are all going our own ways, and many of us will never see each other again. Yeah, we are losing a great deal, but we can't say we haven't gained anything because it just isn't true. We've gained knowledge, experience, responsibility, maturity, integrity and a diploma. These are all very important, but we have gained something much more important than all of these. We have gained a class ... friendship ... a sense of community. Throughout these last four years we have grown so tightly together that we have become one single identity -- the graduating class ...

Bright and Morning Star Essay

There are certain prevailing themes evident through the duration of the story, like race versus class, and religion versus faith; through these we can see the violence and terror that tear through Sue’s and Johnny Boy’s life and how they confront it. From the start of the story, it is evident that Sue loves her family and even though her and her sons have different beliefs she would do anything to protect them. Sue is a Christian woman, and has been since she was a little girl living and working on a farm learning the songs and meaning of the Lord through her mom. Her sons, however, are not swayed by her religious ideals and instead turn to the Communist Party as their faith, â€Å"She had sought to fill their eyes with her vision, but they would have none of it. And she had wept when they began to boast of the strength shed by a new and terrible vision,† (814). If they had listened to their mom and stuck with Christianity instead of Communism then none of the violence and terror would have been upon them, Sug would not be in jail, Johnny Boy would not have been tortured to death, and Sue need not have watched her sons be imprisoned and tortured then be killed herself. Over time though her beliefs start to change and she sees her sons’ point of view, â€Å"The past and the present would become mixed in her; while toiling under a strange star for a new freedom the old songs would slip from her lips with their beguiling sweetness,† (814). She too wants equality and is proud of her sons for standing up for what they believe in, but is also afraid for them, especially Johnny Boy who is willing to die to protect the Party and its members. During this time period, violence toward black people was common and terribly nasty especially in the South where lynching was common and often a group sport. Like many black people of this time, Sue distrusts most white people, and when hearing there is a leak in the Party she automatically points her finger at the white members. Johnny Boy on the other hand does not, â€Å"Mah, Ah done tol yuh a hundred times Ah can’t see white an Ah can’t see Black. Ah sees rich men an Ah sees po men,† (822). They are both somewhat naive, it is not white versus black and rich versus poor, but rather a combination of the two with shades of gray mixed in, like Reva demonstrates when she sneaks out to warn Sue of the danger coming after Johnny Boy. Of course during this time, almost all southern white folks saw themselves superior to blacks and had no problem distributing harsh punishments, like breaking Johnny Boy’s kneecaps with a crow bar and deafening him. The violence described is so real that their terror is tangible off the paper. By the end of the story, the violence and terror Sue and Johnny Boy had to endure is terribly surreal. Even though they may not believe wholly in the same things, the horror they both confronted came from a combination of race and their beliefs. Wright’s depiction of violence in his use of language is what constellates race, violence, and terror.

10 Life Hacks That Are 100% Free

10 Life Hacks That Are 100% Free Sometimes it’s the smallest problems that we truly need help with. The following 10 life hacks will help you solve some of life’s most bothersome and annoying issues. Â  Source: [1000lifehacks.com]

Eco Paper Essays

Eco Paper Essays Eco Paper Essay Eco Paper Essay Nicanor Reyes Street, Sampaloc Manila City, 1008 Metro Manila In Partial Fulfillment in Introduction to Economics Present: An Economic Analysis Submitted by : Gladys Socia Jen Chua Lei Ureta Nicole Yu Jihad Taha Aaron Ogad Christian Vinas Charles Oroceo Nicka Casssandra Jerao Abbygale Evangelista Michaela Ronquillo Abigail Tiongson Submitted To: Dr. Darwin Bonifacio Professor Date Submitted : ______________________ I. Problem: Import-Export Imbalance Introduction:Among the many economic problems faced by the Philippines, the imbalance of imports and exports creates a toll on our development with foreign countries. The negative trade is heavy and only counterbalanced by the service account surplus. Over the last two decades, Philippine exports have shifted from commodity-based products to manufactured goods. However, in the midst of the current global economic recession, the exports of electronics, garments and textiles have yet to reach a level of import neutralization. Economic Anal ysis: Our country produces a variety of different products.But Filipinos don’t give as much patronage to local products as compared to imported goods. If asked, most of our countrymen would prefer purchasing goods from other countries, over products that are domestically grown and produced. Most countries attempt to achieve a trade balance, in which the flow of imports and exports is relatively equal. If a country exports too much, it may not be able to support its domestic needs, while a country which imports excessive amounts of products may not have enough money to support the high volume of imports.In a country with a trade balance, import and export rates are about equal, with nations exporting excess items for sale, and importing the goods that it needs. Historically, the Philippines has been an important centre for commerce for centuries for its ethnic minority, namely, the Chinese who were also its first occupants. The archipelago has also been visited by Arabs and In dians for the purpose of trading in the first and early second millennium. As of 21st century, the country is member in several international trade organizations including the APEC, ASEAN and WTO.Since 1980s, the Philippines have opened their economy to foreign markets, and established a network of free trade agreements with several countries. The United States is one of the Philippines top trading partners. In 2010, according to US Department of Commerce dad, trade between the Philippines and US amounts to US$15. 4 billion. US is also the Philippines largest foreign investor, with foreign direct investment close to US$6 billion at the end of 2009. Under the new Aquino administration, the government plans to open up the country to more foreign investment in industries such as business processing operations, mining and tourism.However, this move may be hindered by restrictions such a prohibition of foreign ownership of land and public utilities. Philippines Import and Export Indicato rs and Statistics at a Glance (2010) Total value of exports:  US$50. 72 billion Primary exports commodities: semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruits Primary exports partners:  US (17. 6 percent of total exports), Japan (16. 2 percent), Netherlands (9. 8 percent), Hong Kong (8. 6 percent), China (7. 7 percent), Germany (6. percent), Singapore (6. 2 percent), South Korea (4. 8 percent) Total value of imports:  US$59. 9 billion Primary imports commodities:  electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic Primary imports partners:  Japan (12. 5 percent of total imports), US (12 percent), China (8. 8 percent), Singapore (8. 7 percent), South Korea (7. 9 percent), Taiwan (7. 1 percent), Thailand (5. 7 percent) Although there are many variances that cause the imbalances, the following are some specific reasons .Convergent or divergent dynamics of imports and exports are the first causes of trade balance changes. Everything that impacts asymmetrically on imports and exports can impact the trade balance. In particular, price and non-price competitiveness is relevant. If external pressure forces down the prices at which a country sells its exports, then a trade deficit is more likely (terms of trade effect). In other words, in a hierarchical world, trade balance can reflect political balance of power.A faster GDP growth than trade partners ones usually results in trade deficit, since imports are elastic to GDP (they raise more than proportionally). Currency exchange rate can be very important: possibly due to a fixed exchange rate and a higher inflation rate than commercial partners, an overvaluation of the domestic currency can lead to deep trade deficits on most products and with most countries. A sharp devaluation can dramatically improve all these relationships Our country is producing a lot of different product.But we rarely notice it, we Filipinos patronized the product of our neighboring country because now in our day using foreign and branded products will make you look â€Å"cool† while using Philippine products will make you look cheap, without knowing that some of Philippine product was bought by other countries and they just use their brand name in our products. I think that our government should follow what the Chinese did before, they control the importing of foreign products and let make their people buy their own products. Now as we see the China was one of the richest countries in the world.I think that if we do the same there is a great chance that our country will one day became one of the richest countries in the world. II. Problem: Low Market Development Introduction: Marketing has always been prevalent in creating various impacts on a nations growing economy. Economics is strongly involved with the booming industries through the use of busi ness strategies. Product innovation is also an important factor in the economic development of any country. It is primarily vested on the ability of the constituents to formulate ideas beneficial to both the masses and the countrys financial status.The Philippines, known as a financially democratic country, has an economy that is marked as the 40th largest in the entire world as stated by the 2012 International Monetary Fund statistics. It is also one of the emerging markets in the world as a heavily industrialized country, it has been transitioning from being centered on the agricultural sector to service providing and then to manufacturing various products. According to the CIA Fact book, the estimated 2012 GDP (purchasing power parity) of the Philippines was 424. 355 billion in estimation.Goldman Sachs, an American multinational financing bank, estimates that by the year 2050, the Philippines will be the 14th largest economy in the world. Goldman Sachs also included the Philippi nes in its list of the Next Eleven economies. According to HSBC, another well-known and influential financial institution, the Philippine economy will become the 16th largest economy in the world, 5th largest economy in Asia and the largest economy in the Southeast Asian region by 2050. These predictions speak highly about the Philippines improvement in the business sector which will probably lift the country out of the 3rd world nation stigma.In order to make the possible improvements, it is suggested that the Philippines must focus more on exportation of goods and services such as: electronic products, semiconductors, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, and fruits. With the help of foreign countries charting throughout the globe, the plan on investing more on exportation may be a plausible stepping stone in the transformation of the once forlorn economy to a thriving economy that is at par with first world economies like that of Japan, Singapore and the like.Market development pays a huge page in promoting innovation within the business sectors. This would entail the expanding of potentials markets through new users and new uses. The strategy would have to be remodeled with the use of new geographic segments, new demographic segments, new institutional segments and new psychographic segments in order to reach out to important factors in the market. Economic Analysis/Conclusion: The year 2012 has been a magical year for the Philippines real state industry.Stbale economic growth, low interest rates, and increasing home investment of overseas Filipino workers drove the steady demand in the local property market. Add in the continuous growth of foreign investment, expansion of the off-shoringand outsourcing industries, and the influx of expatriate workers. All these factors have combined to the shape the property boom that is changing the skyline not only of the metropolitan region but of the provincial cities as we ll. The Philippines has the fastest growing economy among Asian countries for the first quarter of 2013 according to the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB).Our beloved country is also considered as the 40th largest economy and one of the emerging markets in the world. Philippines is considered as a newly industrialized country. It has been transitioning from agriculture to services and manufacturing. It is said that the quarterly growth rate was the highest record since reformist President Benigno Aquino III took office in 2010 on a promise to fight corruption and cut poverty. The Philippines is on the verge of regaining decades lost to slow growth, thanks to government efforts to instill confidence that have kept the country on the investors’ radar even amid financial volatility. The restoration of macroeconomic balance has helped insulate domestic conditions from recurring global financial turmoil and volatile capital flows,† the Institute of International Finance (IIF) said in report dated Aug. 14. â€Å"The key issue for the near-term outlook is maintaining macroeconomic stability. The strong growth at the turn of the year was not a transitory phenomenon, but evidence that the economy was regaining momentum,† it added. IIF- a group of global financial institutions- noted the economy could surprise with a 7. -percent growth this year, faster than last year’s 6. 8 percent, following the first-quarter uptick of 7. 8 percent. Part of the reason for the sterling performance, the group said, was the Philippines’ â€Å"rising global prominence† hinged on the Aquino administration’s budget discipline and improving public governance. In the SONA last month, Mr. Aquino outlined several economic reforms such as the rationalization of fiscal incentives and the relaxation of the â€Å"cabotage† law, which currently restricts foreigners from plying interisland shipping routes in the country.These plann ed reforms, as well as the crackdown on smuggling that was also highlighted in the President’s speech before Congress, were welcomed by foreign investors as signs of the administration’s seriousness to further strengthen the country’s economic base. Registered investments for the month reached $2. 5 billion. The bulk of these funds went to publicly listed shares, while the remaining went to peso time deposits and government securities. The registered investments for the month were 11. 3 percent lower than June’s figure, but this was mainly due to the one-time block sale of shares in publicly listed Cosco Capital Inc. the BSP said. Based on the research conducted, the country must appoint credible and competent managerial heads in order to reach its optimal goal in progressing market structures. A marketing manager has to consider certain questions before implementing a market development strategy. For example: 1. Are they profitable? Profitability is an i mportant factor in implementing ideas within a market-centered civilization. Other questions regarding the development of the market would include the following: 2. Will it require the introduction of new or modified products?And, 3. Are the customer and channel well enough researched and understood? The marketing manager uses four groups to focus the market segment decision: existing customers, competitor customers, non-buying in current segments and, new segments. III. Problem: Unemployment Introduction: Unemployment occurs when people are without work and actively seeking work. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force.The Philippines remains one of the most resilient economies in Southeast Asia, but such growth is neither sustainable nor inclusive as joblessness remains a problem for most Filipinos. Philippines jobless r ate increased to 7. 5 percent in April from 7. 1 percent reported in January and 6. 9 percent in April of 2012. The unemployment rate was pushed up by job losses in the agricultural sector due to extreme weather conditions. The employment rate reached 92. 5 percent, down from 93. 1 percent a year ago, due to a drop in the number of agricultural workers.Laborers and unskilled workers comprised the biggest group making up one-third (32. 6 percent) of the total employed persons; 57. 5 percent of the total employed population were wage and salary workers and 63. 5 percent were working full time. There were more males (61. 4 percent) than females (38. 6 percent) among the unemployed. The age group 15-24 made up 48. 2 percent of the total unemployed, while the age group 25-34, 30. 9 percent. By education, about one-fifth (21. 3 percent) of the unemployed were college graduates, 14. percent were college undergraduates, and 31. 7 percent were high school graduates. In the latest Asian Devel opment Outlook 2013 released, the Manila-based lender forecasts Philippine gross domestic product to expand 6 percent this year and in 2014. According to ADO 2013, persistently high levels of unemployment and underemployment remain a key concern in the country. As the latest data from the National Statistics Office has shown, about 7 percent of the 40 million labor forces are unemployed, while about 20 percent are underemployed.The Philippines has a strong growth in its hand and the next step for the Philippine government is to translate this strong growth into more jobs that will benefit most Filipinos. President  Benigno Aquino  has promised to cut unemployment to 6 percent at most by the end of his term in 2016. Proposals include easing curbs on foreign investment, boosting tourism and infrastructure to provide more work outside the capital, and expanding farming and fishing, said Economic Planning Secretary Arsenio Balisacan, who’s in charge of the plan.The low invest ment share is because past economic growth has depended more on services that are less capital intensive than industry. We have to provide something like a million new jobs; we do have a significant increase in population. † Almost  half of all jobless  Filipinos are between the ages of 15 and 24, according to the government statistics office. The biggest area of employment remains  agriculture and fishing, which provides work for 30. 4 million people, or almost a third of the population. About 8 percent work in manufacturing.Call center agents are the most in demand, followed by salespeople and service crew, according to  Phil-JobNet, the government’s official job portal. The site has 14,165 vacancies in so-called business process outsourcing. With limited opportunities at home, many jobseekers go abroad to find work. The number of overseas Filipino workers climbed 15 percent in 2011 to almost 1. 7 million, the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration said . The funds they sent home totaled  $21. 4 billion  last year, about 10 percent of gross domestic product. Economic Analysis/Conclusion:One of the reasons why people nowadays are jobless is because people are lazy. The global crisis does take effect on this issue; so does one’s stature in life, but being predominantly sluggish is also a factor in unemployment. One’s financial status can also be a factor, in a sense that without proper and complete education, one’s chances of being hired is gradually slimmed down. Here are points on why a lot of people remain jobless amidst modern globalization efforts: 1. Low self-esteem due to lack of financial aid, 2. The Global Crisis which deeply affects the nation’s economic progress, 3.Educational attainment does not go pass collegiate level due to lack of financial resources. As the days go by, developers take more technological advances in creating more job opportunities for the masses. One example would have to be the efforts done by local institutions such as TESDA – which aims to provide vocational courses and setting lower costs so education can be better attained. This is where the blue collar jobs come in. more and more people are being open to blue collar jobs than white collar jobs due to its attainability to the masses.Even non-collegiate graduates may belonged to the blue collared sector. One of the factors we take much pride in is our bountiful number of English proficient workers in all different kinds of fields of expertise. This is possibly why our industry has reached so much success in business process outsourcing sectors such as call centers. But given those facts, why do we still see an evident gap in the job sector in the Philippines? Around 2. 8 million people are jobless today. According to the World Bank around 10 million people nationwide are unemployed and underemployed.Based on a million Filipinos added to labor force annually in the Philippines, our gover nment can create 14. 6 million jobs until 2016. Half a million Filipinos graduate college every year, yet a lot of companies still have difficulty looking for credible workers. This is because the courses chosen by the graduates are usually not in-sync with the job description needed for employment. Courses/programs being taken up in school are essential since they give an edge of expertise for someone in the labor force over those whose course may be considered far-fetched.Colleges and universities across the nation are now taking action to revise and update their course offerings that would jive well with the ever-changing trends of the industry and business sector. CHED encourages schools to open new courses leaning towards business, medicine, education, hotel and restaurant management, information technology and, computer courses. It is believed that through this, students will be more mindful and rightfully guided to take courses that are in demand. IV. Recommendation: * We the refore recommend that Filipinos should support, patronize and buy locally made products.This can help shape the economy and aid in its growth and development. Not only can it help support the money flow and ease financial burdens, it can also be a factor in promoting nationalism amongst countrymen. * We therefore recommend that the government must create steps in further developing and supporting every sector in the economy. For instance, the government should regulate and implement more rigid rules in the overall control of the importation of foreign products. * We therefore recommend that Filipinos be aware of information about the economy and the various ways to help support, preserve and flourish it.

The Impact of Sports on Politics and Cultural Representation Research Proposal

The Impact of Sports on Politics and Cultural Representation - Research Proposal Example Likewise, sports have increasingly incorporated elements of politics and nationalism, depending on the public sphere in which they represent. This can be effectively elucidated by the move by the Sri Lankan theatres to adopt a play that stages in the form of cricket. In this case, cricket is a significant element of the Sri Lankan public sphere. The same case applies for various forms of public spheres across the regions of the globe. The eventuality of these has been that the growing relationship between cultural elements, sports and, and national politics. In turn, even the spectators to all these bring themselves out as the subjects of the nations. In close reference to UK, the subjects of concern have pertained to the question of culture and politics, in relation to sports. In the UK, sports are viewed as an area where everyone can venture and succeed; hence, may be referred to as the source of unity. However, upon close examinations, the UK sports are also a form of divisiveness , as well as exclusion. This is what may have sparked irrational fears, especially from the neighboring nations with groups with similar orient. Some sports have been associated with elite groups, especially those by the Anglo-non-indigenous groups. In other cases, some sports have spectatorship to certain sports have either been dismissed on the account of feminism, such as belonging to men or women hence, delimiting the interests. As such, this has tended to exclude the indigenous groups, who also view such sports as pure legacies of colonialism. Whether it would ever be possible for spectators to cheer sport teams on the virtue based on how they are organized, rather than as a nation is an issue subject to debate. Sport is presented as a symbol of cultural orientation, political empowerment, economic empowerment and nationalism, and the spectators are drawn to act as nationalists. However, not all have supported this view. This has been in consideration to the fact that a there i s general lacking understanding of the link between sports, politics and cultural orientation. Moreover, the sense of nationalism is increasingly being diluted by the immigration and establishment of Diasporas, as facilitated by the trending wave of globalization. The proposed research project shall discus the impacts of sports on cultural orientation and politics. Objective/Purpose of the Study The key aim of this study is to establish the link between sports, politics and cultural orientation. This way the proposed study shall seek to establish the impacts of sports on politics and cultural orientation. Research Questions The following research questions shall be considered: What are the effects of sports on the identity politics? What are the impacts of sports on different cultures? Does politics influence on the way politics of any given country play out and how closely related are they? Do the histories of politics, culture and sports have any link? Significance of the Study Su ccessful completion of this research work will come with a lot of significance to a lot of people, especially the politicians, those affected by culture, as well as the sportsmen. First, data, results and conclusions from this research shall serve as updated literature on politicians and sportsmen within the population size targeted for this research work. To a large extent, this research shall help in coming out with new models on the type or kind of challenges sportsmen go through as they try to overcome

The New Employee Orientation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The New Employee Orientation - Assignment Example The fright of the newness often make one coil and feel withdrawn, yet at the same time there is the joy of joining a new workforce. Just like embracing what a new day presents, a new employee must seek to embrace the cultural climate in the new work environment before he/she can criticize or become judgmental like in the case presented by Schein (2009). The author presents a case of a CEO (Chief Executive Officer) who became judgmental few days after being posted into a new environment. The surest way of learning a particular corporate culture is by understanding one’s role and how that role fits into the whole organization (Lawson, 2006). Embracing the organization culture involves getting to understand the organization’s mission, objectives, policies and structure (Schein, 2009). The various challenges that come with each new day are like the giants in the â€Å"Giant Tales† which are there not stop one from sojourning ahead but they present a venue for growth and innovation (Cromie, 2008). Notably, the presented opportunities evoke every creative spirit as well as create the good working environment rich with experiences of others to learn from (Baek, 2006). It is worth noting that the success of one in the new environment is basically pegged on the willingness of the new individual to learn and so embrace the new work

Brazilian Offshoring Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Brazilian Offshoring Sector - Essay Example According to the Milken Institute’s latest Capital Access Index, Brazil has improved capital access for its entrepreneurs with the intent to stimulate the nation’s economic growth (LBC para. 1). In addition, the Brazilian offshoring sector is characterized by better access to human capital. The case study clearly indicates that the country’s ICT-related technical and graduate courses generate nearly 100,000 graduates annually. According to official data, Brazilian universities produced over 220,000 graduates in 2008. Access to R&D and Technology The Brazilian government gives special concessions to the country’s R&D and technology sectors. To illustrate, the government provides companies with 50% excise tax reduction to purchase R&D equipment and 100% reduction to import software development materials. Brazil’s R&D expenditure in the 1997–2002 period was greater than that of India. The Brazilian Federal Government gives particular attention t o technology and considers software and IT services industry as strategic. In addition, the Brazilian Development Bank offers extensive credit facilities to foster technology projects. Capabilities Brazil has a fast growing economy capable of making the country an attractive destination for global investors. Information technology has been well developed in Brazil and it represents approximately 7% of the country’s GDP. ... nline business sector, Brazil is the largest market in Latin America and the country’s online market grew by 20% over the last year to 40.5 million users (European Travel Commission para. 11). The case study reflects that the country’s total ICT market reached $139.1 billion in 2008. The Brazilian market is export oriented and pays specific attention to global brand performances. The government places great emphasis on the country’s domestic market so as to ensure the sustainability of its traditional industrialists. Regulatory Framework While analyzing the country’s regulatory framework, it seems that Brazil adopts a friendly approach to foreign companies. The case study notes that Brazil has the highest Regulatory Quality index as compared to other emerging economies such as India and China. This situation provides outsourcing firms with a favorable business environment in the country. In addition, the country’s lowest FDI Restrictive Index Scores claim that it is one of the most open economies for FDI. Culture While considering Brazilian culture, it is observed that many Brazilian companies face challenges in handling the country’s English proficiency. This situation persuades Western companies to refrain from outsourcing jobs and businesses to Brazil. From the case study, it is clear that the Brazilian culture attaches great importance to teamwork in software development projects. In addition, Brazilian culture is closer to that of the West in terms of race, religion, and family lifestyle. Hence, Brazilians can better understand Western business rules and market environments (Case Study 8). 2. Unlike the case of India, Brazil developed its software sector mainly to meet the needs of its domestic firms. Evidence suggests that Brazilian IT companies have

Experiment with acetic acid chloride, ethanol Essay Example for Free

Experiment with acetic acid chloride, ethanol Essay Experiment 1: Bromination of Acetanilide1 Precautions: Ethanol is flammable Sodium hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent and releases toxic fumes (handle in fume hood) Acetic acid is corrosive, harmful if inhaled, flammable and can cause burns (handle in fume hood) Gloves are recommended to avoid chemical contact with skin Reaction Scheme: Conversion of acetanilide to p-bromoacetanilide Procedure: To a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a mixture of 95% ethanol (6 mL) and acetic acid (5 mL), dissolve acetanilide (7.4 mmol) and sodium bromide (1.8 g). Place the reaction flask in an ice bath (at least 5oC) for 5 minutes (keep this reaction in the hood). Add sodium hypochlorite (8.3 mmol) by addition of household bleach; leave the reaction flask in the ice bath 5 min. After removing the flask from the ice bath and placing a watch glass over the opening, allow the reaction mixture to come to room temperature over 15 minutes. Place the reaction flask into the ice bath and quench the unreacted bromine by addition of both 5 mL of sodium thiosulfate solution (1 g/5 mL) and 5 mL sodium hydroxide solution(1 g/5 mL ); collect the product by suction filtration. Recrystalllize the brominated product from a minimum amount of solvent. You will need to select a solvent from water, 50% ethanol or 95% ethanol. To identify the best solvent, use what you have learned in Organic I Chemistry Lab, hint: think about what properties makes a good recrystallization solvent. Test your recrystallization solvent in test tubes using the tip of a spatula of your compound. Remember to use a water bath to heat organic solvents. NEVER heat organic solvents directl y on a hot plate-always use a hot water bath! Dry the product and obtain melting point range (one fast and one slow) and an IR spectrum. Be sure to record observations in your laboratory notebook. 1 From â€Å"A Multistep Synthesis Incorporating a Green Bromination of an Aromatic Ring† J. Chem. Educ. 2012, 89, 1063 Prelab: In your lab notebook, write: 1. Date, Title of lab, Purpose and Mechanism of Reaction 2. Copy the following tables into your laboratory notebook and fill in MM 3. Write a brief description (bullet points) of the procedure Substance Acetanilide Sodium Bromide Sodium Hypochlorite 95% Ethanol Acetic Acid MM (g/mol) mmol g mL Product Data MM (g/mol) mmol g before recrystallization recrystallization solvent mL recrystallization solvent g after recrystallization % Recovery Theoretical Yield, g Percent yield Melting point range fast Melting point range slow Literature Mp Value Reference for Lit. Mp Value p-bromoacetanilide Waste Disposal: Place the filtrate from the reaction in the basic halogenated waste. Place the filtrate from recrystallization in the halogenated waste (as it may contain some p-bromoacetanilide). For your lab report: Continue in your lab notebook from the prelab. Complete the tables and show all calculations (clearly label where each calculation is in the notebook by providing each calculation with a title). Finally write a conclusion that includes a discussion of results and attach the IR (assign peaks) and the 1H NMR (be sure to assign all peaks on the NMR). Hand in the original of the carbonless copy pages as your lab report.

The benefits of ecommerce and emarketing

The benefits of ecommerce and emarketing The most current and relevant literature on e-marketing is examined and the relevant areas disused in various literature which has connection with the objective of the business project are explored in this chapter. E-business and e-commerce are modern form of business which is performed in a technologically advanced business environment. The e-business is termed as the application of information technology for internal business process as well as activities in which a company engages during commercial activity. These activities can include functional activities such as finance, marketing, human resources management and operations (Philips, 2003). Ecommerce is the use of Information and communication technology to enable external activities and relationship with individuals, groups and other businesses (Laudon and Traver, 2002).Due to the growth in electronic media for business functions , the way of interaction between the supplier, distributor, seller and customer has become changed and more enhanced. E-commerce channels allow businesses to get to the customer faster, with more velocity, and more value (Budhwani, 2001) E-Marketing E-marketing is a process of building and maintaining customer relationship through online activities to facilitate the exchange of ideas, products and services that satisfy the goals of both parties (Mohammed et al, 2001). Strauss et al (2003) suggest that e-marketing covers a wide range of IT related applications with three main aims: Transforming marketing strategies to create more customer value through more effective segmentation, targeting, differentiation and positioning strategies; more efficiently planning and executing the conception, distribution, promotion and pricing of goods, services and ideas; creating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organisational customers objectives. Business is mainly based on exchange process; e-marketing has the ability to be beneficial for all the people who involve in the business. Mainly organization has realised this and started to refocus their marketing strategy using e-marketing. E-Marketing versus Traditional Marketing As number of individuals spending their time on internet is increasing rapidly, e-marketing is growing as a powerful marketing tool. Due to advancement and utilisation of technology in Internet has grown rapidly, thereby e-marketing gained more attention by most of the firms and due to this the traditional marketing methods loses its value. The traditional marketing channels like as television, print media, and radio are becoming less popular. The traditional media are competing with the electronic media for seeking customer attention but the Internet and appear to be gaining over the other media. On implementing E-Marketing a company can reach its customer directly through website, e-mail, social networking sites and various other means. E-Marketing is cost effective and also gains lot of attention of the customer. These factors make E-Marketing to overlap the traditional marketing. The Internet is assumed to be an important channel for marketing and distribution of products and services. This is, among other things, due to the cost-effectiveness of the Internet and the convenience for customers. With the Internet marketers can reach out to a broad customer base, locate target customers, identify their needs and communicate with them at a relatively low cost. The Internet provides an opportunity for market testing and optimization. Increasing digitalization will make it progressively easier to experimentally alter particular aspects of a business and quickly observe how customers respond (Wyner, 2000) Benefits of e-marketing E-marketing has several benefits which can be capitalised by the organisation to gain competitive advantages; those benefits are listed below, The web allows non-linear communication in which there is free flow and exchange of information, and there is a potential for two-way communication between a business and its audiences in different contexts on a one to one basis, and a many-to-many basis. The many-to-many model involves communication between customers (Hoffman and Novak, 1995). E-marketing can increase an organisations geographic coverage beyond its traditional operating area. E-marketing will also make the organisation to have a global presence and a wider reach. New market and new customers can be obtained by the company, if the e-marketing is utilised effectively. Moreover e-marketing provides a cheap way of communicating with customers and the business transactions can also be cared out in low cost. A website can be used as a powerful business tool for carrying out sales and services all day providing greater convenience for the customer. Besides that e-marketing can be used for an online sales promotion and provide targeted offers and special privileges to the customer. E-Marketing is fast and flexible communication tool and helps to fulfil the customer retention objective of the company. The internet provides rich sources of marketing data for the marketers, which can be used for decision-making purposes. Additionally e-marketing research supported with appropriate software and technology provides a good data analysis to streamline the process of research. Similarly e-marketing help to improve the brand name and provides a better platform for development of the brand presence. The purpose of branding is to facilitate the organisations task of getting and maintaining a loyal customer base in a cost-effective manner to achieve the highest possible return on investment (De Chernatony and McDonald, 1998, p.17) E-marketing problems There are also few problems with e-marketing that marketers must understand and respond to. Those are outlined below: A companys marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that affect the marketing managements ability to develop and maintain successful transactions with its target customers. The marketing environment offers both threats and opportunities (Kotler et al, 2001) The major problem of e-marketing is lack of trust among the online users to make transactions with unknown traders and the customers resistance to change, mainly older and disadvantage people. Next big problem is customers concerns over privacy issues such as spam and unwanted marketing communication. Rising network security doubts over fraud and hacking cause huge setback for e-marketing. Moreover the technology gap between the organization and customer is a disadvantage. There are also difficulties and social impacts in cross-broader trading using electronic media. Customization and Personalization through E-marketing The e-marketing provides customization and personalization benefits to both firm and the customer. Customisation refers to more personalised products availability and tailored communication. The Internet marketing environment offers extensive customization and personalization opportunities. The evolution from marketing on the averages to marketing on the differences is a very prominent theme and a major advantage of the Web market compared to real environments (Reitman, 1994). Customization provides the ability to the customer to order product uniquely as per their need and specification. This helps the firms to know more about the individual customer, so that the offers and communications can be tailored as per the behaviour of the customer. This provides a great competitive advantage. E-marketing and Customer Focus The customer is the central focus for any business organisation and marketing activities are will be build to achieve high levels of customer satisfaction. Customer loyalty is emerged from satisfaction and from loyalty come more profitability and sales. The customer is the key element for all business but the e-marketing make customer even more powerful. Due the technology advancement customers are more demanding with search engines, more substitute product availability and multi-channel user friendly technology. Customer makes up the online communities of an organisation. Consumer behaviour growing to be more complex. But e-marketing coupled with emerging technologies enables more precise segmentation and targeting of customer. E-marketing helps to implement personalised offering to each customer, this done by obtaining permission and sends offers to target customer. The interactive nature of internet allows getting quicker customer feedback. These factors of e-marketing helps firms to remain customer focused.